The FOURTH edtion. All words were derived from the articles below:
1) A. D. Koehler, A. S. Irsigler, V. T. Carneiro, G. B. Cabral, J. C. Rodrigues, A. C. Gomes, R. C. Togawa, M. M. Costa, A. P. Martinelli, and D. M. Dusi, “SERK genes identification and expression analysis during somatic embryogenesis and sporogenesis of sexual and apomictic brachiaria brizantha (syn. Urochloa brizantha),” Planta, vol. 252, no. 3, 2020.;
2) Grigoreva, E., Ulianich, P., Ben, C. et al. First Insights into the Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Genome of the ‘Vavilovskij 130’ Accession, Using Second and Third-Generation Sequencing Technologies. Russ J Genet 55, 1406–1416 (2019).
3) Chu, Q., Ding, Y., Xu, X., Ye, C.-Y., Zhu, Q.-H., Guo, L. and Fan, L. (2022), Recent origination of circular RNAs in plants. New Phytol, 233: 515-525. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17798
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New articles!
1) Concia, L., Veluchamy, A., Ramirez-Prado, J.S. et al. Wheat chromatin architecture is organized in genome territories and transcription factories. Genome Biol 21, 104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-020-01998-1
2) Granehäll, L., Huang, K.D., Tett, A. et al. Metagenomic analysis of ancient dental calculus reveals unexplored diversity of oral archaeal Methanobrevibacter. Microbiome 9, 197 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01132-8
3) Gentzbittel, L., Ben, C., Mazurier, M. et al. WhoGEM: an admixture-based prediction machine accurately predicts quantitative functional traits in plants. Genome Biol 20, 106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1697-0
abscission
noun
the separation or falling off of part of a plant
Example: "In A. thaliana, foral organ abscission is regulated by SERKs via ligand-induced interaction and transphosphorylation with receptors of the signaling pathway."
ru: опадание
ameliorate
verb
to make better or more tolerable
Example: Additionally, to ameliorate the phylogenetic
reliability, we iteratively removed the regions
which were affected by homologous recombination until
no recombination events were detected.
ru: улучшаться; улучшиться; повышать качество
anther
noun
the part of a flower that contains pollen
Example: "...suggesting a role in controlling anther development."
ru: пыльник
concordant
adjective
in agreement with other facts or based on the same principles as something else
Example: This approach revealed that GGLs occur more frequently between genes with concordant transcriptional status, whether transcribed or not [log2(odds ratio) = 1.413, Cramer’s V = 0.23]
ru: единогласный; единодушный
contiguous
adjective
next to or touching another, usually similar, thing
Example: Chromatin conformation capture techniques also allowed the description of topologically associating domains (TADs), large chromatin domains (800 kb average length in mammals) bringing together contiguous sequences of DNA.
ru: смежный, соприкасающийся
contingency
noun
a contingent event or condition: such as
-- an event (such as an emergency) that may but is not certain to occur
trying to provide for every contingency
-- something liable to happen as an adjunct to or result of something else
Example: For all combinations of features, we then generated a 2 × 2 contingency table on which we calculated the odds ratios (OR) and effect size (Cramer’s V), two statistics that express the strength of the association between two categorical variables.
ru: вероятность; возможность
dicot
noun
a plant that has two cotyledons (= leaf parts inside the seed)
Example: "SERK genes from dicots and monocots have a highly conserved structural organization. "
ru: двудольный
dissent
noun
a difference of opinion
Example: "Two studies dissent about the estimated size of the guar genome as deduced from DNA content measurement."
ru: несогласие, инакомыслие
eigenvector
noun
a nonzero vector that is mapped by a given linear transformation of a vector space onto a vector that is the product of a scalar multiplied by the original vector
Example: After normalizing
the Hi-C interaction matrixes for technical and
biological biases that could alter the number of reads
aligning on each fragment, such as GC content, distance
between restriction sites, and mappability with iterative
correction and eigenvector decomposition (ICE) (Imakaev
et al. 2012), we applied the “insulation index” technique.
ru: собственный вектор
hitherto
adverb
up to this or that time
Example: ... our phylogenetic analysis revealed two hitherto
uncharacterised and unnamed oral Methanobrevibacter species that are prevalent in ancient calculus samples
sampled from a broad range of geographical locations and time periods.
ru: прежде; до этого времени; пока ещё
impose
verb
to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received;
to force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living
Example: Nanopore sequencing thus gives the opportunity to obtain ‘ultra long reads’ with theoretically no instrument-imposed limitation on the size of reads, that are thus mostly limited by the quality and length of the DNA molecules present in the library.
ru: ввести, навязать
insulate
verb
to place in a detached situation
Example: The insulation index of a genomic region is calculated as
the average frequency of interaction with the neighboring
regions within a predefined distance.
ru: отделять
juxtaposed
verb
to put things that are not similar next to each other
Example: Globally, this explains how the Rabl configuration in which subtelomeres are juxtaposed, together with the clustering of H3K27me3-labeled genes in subtelomeric regions, produces the polarized distribution of epigenetic marks and supports the existence of functional compartmentalization within the nucleus of bread wheat.
ru: помещать рядом; бок о бок; накладывать друг на друга
leverage
noun
1 : the action of a lever or the mechanical advantage gained by it
2 : POWER, EFFECTIVENESS
trying to gain more political leverage
3 : the use of credit to enhance one's speculative capacity
Example: Leveraging a total of 102 calculus samples (20 of this
study and 82 from previous studies) which spanned
~50,000 years and were collected from eight countries
across three continents shed light on the temporal and
geographical diversity, from prehistory to modern era, of
three Methanobrevibacter species enriched in ancient
samples.
ru: власть; подъёмная сила
lineage
noun
all the living things that are related directly to the same living thing that existed long ago
Example: "Polyploidy is ubiquitous in eukaryotic plant and fungal lineages, and it leads to the co-existence of several copies of similar or related genomes in one nucleus."
ru: родословие, происхождение
onset
noun
> the ... of something
the moment at which something unpleasant begins:
Example: "SERK genes plays a role in the onset and establishment of somatic embryogenesisr"
ru: начало, наступление
pasture
noun
grass or similar plants suitable for animals such as cows and sheep to eat, or an area of land covered in this
Example: The genus Brachiaria, belonging to the Poaceae family,
comprises species extensively cultivated as pastures in
Brazil (Boddey et al. 2004).
ru: пастбище, выпас
periodontal
adjective
1 : investing or surrounding a tooth
2 : of or affecting periodontal tissues or regions
Example: These include
the ‘red complex’ members Treponema denticola and
Tannerella forsythia, but also species from the genera
Methanobrevibacter and Desulfobulbus, anaerobes found
in periodontal deep pockets and regarded as ‘late colonisers’
of oral plaque.
ru: околозубной
pervasive
adjective
spreading or spread throughout
Example: "Recently, owing to the adoption of high-throughput sequencing technology, they have been shown to be pervasive in eukaryotes, from
animals"
ru: распространённый
pivotal
adjective
vitally important : CRITICAL
ru: представляющий собой решающий фактор; имеющий кардинально важное значение
plaque
noun
a
: a localized abnormal patch on a body part or surface
b
: a sticky usually colorless film on teeth that is formed by and harbors bacteria
c
: an atherosclerotic lesion
d
: a histopathologic lesion of brain tissue that is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and consists of a dense proteinaceous core composed primarily of beta-amyloid that is often surrounded and infiltrated by a cluster of degenerating axons and dendrites
Example: Dental calculus develops via the mineralisation of
plaque, which can remain for millennia on ancient skeletal
remains.
ru: пятно, бляшка, налёт
progenitor
noun
the parent or direct ancestor of a person, animal, or plant
Example: Since the three ancestors are closely related species descended from a common progenitor, three distinct but highly syntenic subgenomes can be identified (AA, BB, and DD) [30].
ru: прародитель
prominent
adjective
standing out or projecting beyond a surface or line
Example: A prominent feature of the insulation index was the
presence of genes, ...
ru: приметный, выделяющийся
prompt
verb
to make something happen
Example: This trend prompted us to examine whether gene expression is affected by local interactions.
ru: запрос, затравка
pulp
noun
a
(1)
: the soft, succulent part of a fruit usually composed of mesocarp
(2)
: stem pith when soft and spongy
b
: a soft mass of vegetable matter (as of apples) from which most of the water has been extracted by pressure
c
: the soft sensitive tissue that fills the central cavity of a tooth
see tooth illustration
d
: a material prepared by chemical or mechanical means from various materials (such as wood or rags) for use in making paper and cellulose products
Example: ... and 4=large carious lesion, tooth retained, with pulp exposure.
ru: мясо; мякоть; бесформенная масса
putative
adjective
purported; commonly put forth or accepted as true on inconclusive grounds
Example: Putative full-length sequences of circRNAs were identified...
ru: предполагаемый
query
noun
a question in the mind
Example: Afterwards,
genomic regions where query genomes and the
reference genome share a substantial sequence similarity ...
ru: обращение, вопрос
retain
verb
to keep or continue to have something
Example: "Analysis based on a predicted model for exon–intron structure (Fig. 1) showed one form which retains the region corresponding to intron 6, while two other variants resulted from splicing in two alternative sites starting in intron 6 (Fig. 3)."
ru: сохранить, сохранять
sparingly
adverb
to a meager degree or in a meager manner
Example: "Conservation and evolution analysis of plant circRNAs have only sparingly been touched on in previous studies, including rice (Ye et al., 2015), maize (Zea mays; Han et al., 2020), cotton (Gossypium spp.; Zhao et al., 2017), and other plant species (Chu et al., 2020). "
ru: экомномно, умеренно
spatiotemporal
adjective
1) of or relating to space and time together (having both spatial extension and temporal duration)
2) existing in both space and time; having both spatial extension and temporal duration
Example: “The expression pattern of circRNAs was usually spatiotemporally specific and was significantly enriched in certain tissues, such as brains or nerves in animals”
ru: пространственно-временной
stem
verb
1 : to make headway against (something, such as an adverse tide, current, or wind)
2 : to check or go counter to (something adverse)
Example: All samples displayed post-mortem damage typical for
ancient DNA for the selected highest abundant microbial
species (Additional file 1: Figure S4, Additional file
2: Table S4), indicating that the reads are stemming
from the ancient calculus and not from recent microorganisms.
ru: двигаться навстречу
stomata
noun
cell structures in the epidermis of tree leaves and needles that are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and water between plants and the atmosphere.
Example: Along the plant life cycle, SERK acts regulating
processes such as innate immunity (Heese et al. 2007);
maintenance of pluripotency in meristematic regions
(Nolan et al. 2009), root development (Du et al. 2012; Singh and Krurana 2017), stomatal patterning (Cheung
and Wu 2015; Meng et al. 2015), vascular development
(Zhang et al. 2016) and floral organ abscission (Meng
et al. 2016). SERKs are involved in the brassinosteroid
signaling pathway (Gruszka 2013).
ru: устьице
truncate
verb
to make something shorter or quicker, especially by removing the end of it
Example: ...produced predicted truncated proteins
ru: обрезать
tweezers
noun (plural in form)
any of various small metal instruments that are usually held between the thumb and index finger, are used for plucking, holding, or manipulating, and consist of two legs joined at one end
Example: Dental calculus
(10–66mg) was removed from the surface of each tooth
using sterile tweezers and probes.
ru: щипчики; пинцет
whereas
conjunction
тогда как, в то время время как
Example: Whereas a conserved expression pattern of circRNAs might suggest a conserved function of the circRNAs, given the spatiotemporal expression pattern and recent origin (so likely to be species specific) of most circRNAs (Figs 3a, S3), their functions are likely to be species specific.
